At 26, boxer Tommy Morrison was two fights away from a shot
at Mike Tyson, the then-heavyweight champ, and a $38.5
million prize.
Already a millionaire, he had starred alongside Sylvester
Stallone in Rocky V and lived an indulgent lifestyle
complete with parties and women.
His boyhood home of Jay, Okla. — where he and his
family had barely scraped by — had erected signs along
both ends of the two-lane highway leading into it,
proclaiming the town ''Home of WBO Heavyweight Champ Tommy
Morrison.''
Just hours before his February 1996 Las Vegas bout with
Arthur Weathers, officials cancelled the fight and suspended
Morrison for ''medical reasons.'' Two days later, Morrison
announced that he tested positive for HIV.
The signs in Jay came down within the hour, and
Morrison's career was effectively over.
Now, eight years later, the more settled Morrison has
traded time in the ring for time with his family in their
quiet home about 95 miles east of Nashville, where they
moved in May. He and his wife, Dawn, are fighting to ensure
that HIV — the virus that robbed him of a chance at the
title — doesn't rob them of a chance to have a healthy
baby. The couple, who lives in Sparta, is using an
experimental sperm-washing procedure in hopes of having a
child without infecting it or Dawn.
Morrison can't say for sure how he contracted HIV, but
says he's had more sexual partners than the legendary Wilt
Chamberlain, who claimed to have had intercourse with 20,000
women.
''I was, what's the word?'' he asks, turning to Dawn.
''Promiscuous,'' she says.
''Oh yeah, promiscuous,'' he says.
In the ring, Morrison had an exciting, intense style that
— along with his wild ways — caught the public's
attention, recalls Dr. Flip Homansky, a commissioner with
the Nevada State Athletic Commission. ''He's the kind of
fighter that could've had an enormously profitable career,''
he says.
Morrison changed the sport of boxing, but not in a way he
wanted to. In 1996, Nevada was the only major boxing state
to test boxers for HIV. Since Morrison's diagnosis, testing
has become commonplace in states where boxing is a major
sport.
Morrison emphatically argues against the widely held
belief that the HIV virus causes AIDS. He says he
occasionally considers legally challenging his suspension
under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
After being ousted from the ring, Morrison's life
continued to plummet. He wound up in prison before finally
settling down.
His hometown and many people he thought were friends gave
him the cold shoulder. A 1998 fire destroyed his home. The
fire department couldn't determine the fire's cause, but
Morrison believes it was arson. ''I know how it happened,''
he says. ''They didn't want me in that town.''
Morrison moved across the border, to Fayetteville, Ark.,
where he found more trouble.
In December of 1999, police found cocaine in his car. He
says someone he had loaned his car to used it to deal drugs.
Either way, he spent ''14 months, 8 days, six hours and 46
minutes'' in prison.
The adage that while in prison you find out who your real
friends are rang true for Tommy Morrison.
He and Dawn had had an off-and-on relationship since they
met in 1994. They married in 1996, a marriage that ended in
an annulment two years later.
They remained friends, and Dawn soon found herself making
the nearly 300-mile trip from Tulsa to Texarkana to visit
Tommy in prison.
Tommy was released in February of 2001, and he and Dawn
remarried that year.
They wanted to put Tommy's wild days behind them, but
found that Fayetteville was not the place to do it.
''We just wanted to get away from all of that and have
new, clean start in a little, small town so that we could
raise our family,'' Dawn Morrison says.
They went to Sparta to look at property and decided it
was where they needed to be. They currently live in a modest
three-bedroom house that they hope Morrison's mother will
eventually move into. They are currently looking for
property on which to build a new house with a mountain
overlook.
Thirty-year-old Dawn works part time as an interior
designer. Tommy draws a monthly disability check and is
writing an autobiography. He's also trying to get back into
movies, and will begin filming a still untitled B-movie in
June.
Their immediate concern, however, is building a family.
Tommy has two boys, Trey, 13, and McKenzie, 12, by
previous girlfriends. Both boys live with their respective
mothers in Oklahoma.
Tommy and Dawn have a 3-year-old son, Justin, who was
conceived during their first marriage. The Morrisons
wouldn't discuss how he was conceived, but say he is healthy
and HIV negative. Still, Dawn doesn't want Justin to be an
only child.
''I always knew from the time I was 12 that I've wanted a
big family. I've wanted six or seven or eight kids,'' she
says, with a slight giggle. ''Now I'm down to five. Tommy's
down to one more.''
Medication and proper care can help prevent HIV-positive
mothers from transmitting the virus to their babies during
childbirth, but in cases such as the Morrisons, where only
the father is HIV positive, the challenge is to achieve
pregnancy without spreading the virus.
Through the Internet, Dawn found Ann Kiessling, who in
1996 founded the Assisted Reproduction Foundation in Boston
to help couples with infectious diseases such as HIV safely
have children.
Kiessling, a virologist and embryologist, is also an
associate professor of surgery at Harvard University Medical
School, which is not affiliated with her foundation.
Kiessling's procedure takes advantage of the idea that in
HIV-positive men who are otherwise healthy, the virus is
found in the fluid surrounding the sperm but not the sperm
itself.
The semen is mechanically separated into layers that are
tested for HIV. If the virus is found in any of the
layers, the entire sample is thrown out. The ''washed''
sperm is used to fertilize eggs in a petri dish so that the
woman is not exposed to live sperm.
Sixteen babies — all HIV free — fertilized through
Kiessling's procedure have been born.
A similar procedure, where the washed sperm are injected
into a woman's cervix, has been done in Europe for more than
10 years. Kiessling estimates that there have been between
100 and 150 births worldwide.
Still, the federal Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention does not recommend the procedure. In 1990, a
woman undergoing the European procedure later tested
positive for HIV, although it's unclear whether the
procedure or unprotected sex was to blame.
''It's biologically plausible that semen processing could
reduce the transmission (of HIV),'' says Dr. Ann Duerr, HIV
section chief in the division of reproductive health at the
CDC, ''but we really don't have enough data as far as
studies to determine precisely its effectiveness.''
Kiessling agrees, and says that scientists won't be able
to give statistically meaningful risk assessments until 500
children are born.
She anticipates slow progress, primarily because of a
1996 ban on federal funding for research involving
fertilized human eggs that makes it ''nearly impossible to
organize a clinical trial.''
Finding private support for the research is also tough,
she says, because the public still views HIV infection as
something people bring upon themselves, even though many of
the people Kiessling wants to help are hemophiliacs infected
before blood was screened for HIV.
Kiessling is one of two doctors nationwide who help
people with HIV safely have children. Only six clinics
nationwide have partnered with her to implant the embryos.
''Tommy, particularly, is angry at how hard this is for
them to do,'' Kiessling says, ''and he would like to make it
clear that there are ways for couples to (have children).''
The Morrisons first met with Kiessling in Boston in March
2001. Tommy had to stop taking one of his HIV medications
because it was reducing his sperm count. In January 2002,
they flew back and collected a specimen, which Kiessling's
clinic washed.
The specimen was sent to a clinic in Chattanooga, where
Dawn underwent her first in vitro fertilization cycle in
July. The procedure cost more than $12,000, but the embryos
didn't implant. The procedures aren't covered by health
insurance, but Morrison says he invested well and saved
money from his days as a boxer.
The entire family, even young Justin, was disappointed by
the failure. ''He thinks they fell out of Mommy's belly,''
Dawn Morrison says.
Early last month they tried to implant embryos fertilized
back in July, and the couple waited through the holiday
season with anticipation.
''It's something that seemed so out of reach when we
first started this process,'' Tommy says, sighing. ''But
we're getting a lot of encouragement from the doctors, so
we're excited.''
Just after Christmas, they received the news; their
second attempt last month was a success.
Dawn is pregnant, and the Morrisons are looking forward
to a bigger family. Dawn wants to start shopping for baby
clothes, and young Justin has already told his mother that
he wants a baby brother. Tommy wants a boy — who he wants
to name Raven Thomas despite Dawn's objections — but also
wants a daughter.
''What'd I'd like to have is one of each,'' he says,
''and that would keep us busy enough for a while that we
wouldn't have to go through all of this again.''